意大利的一位歌剧作曲奇才——切马罗萨（Domenico Cimarosa，1749~1801）

切马罗萨（Domenico Cimarosa，1749~1801），意大利人，父为石匠，早年学于洛雷托马利亚音乐院，先后在彼得堡和维也纳任宫廷乐长，是当时著名的歌剧作家，这是一位在多尼采蒂、罗西尼之前的意大利歌剧作曲家巨匠，歌剧数量在70余部，作品笔调类似莫扎特，笔法清新，旋律优美动人，代表作为《秘婚记》（Il Matrimonio Segreto）。在意大利歌剧史上这是一位至关重要的人物，正是由于他承前启后的努力才使得意大利歌剧能够有今天那种百花齐放、百家争鸣的局面。但他的歌剧CD发行得很少，真正发行的有13套歌剧全剧，除《秘婚记》是四个版本外，其他歌剧只有独一无二的一个版本，而实际上一些意大利小公司发行的CD，还不止这个数量，而且网上CD的标价相当贵，一张单碟要近19美元。他的歌剧品种是我及其他歌剧迷闻所未闻、听所未听的，我在最近才弄到一张《秘婚记》1986年的现场DVD，而在这13个全套歌剧版本中居然有四个是现场，非常之值得期待。在这里我把手头上有关这位作曲家的资料收集整理，供大家查阅。作曲家中文资料可供查阅的不多，把英文资料一并上传给大家分享了。第一部分有序号的是CD、DVD版本介绍，之后是作曲家英文资料，最后是他的主要作品清单。1.<Gianina E Bernardone>

Performer: Graziella Sciutti (Soprano), Sesto Bruscantini (Bass Baritone), Sena Jurinac (Soprano),
Disma De Cecco (Soprano), Mario Carlin (Tenor), Mario Boriello (Tenor)
Conductor: Nino Sanzogno
Orchestra/Ensemble: Italian Radio Symphony Orchestra Milan, Italian Radio Chorus Milan,.

Date of Recording: 7/26/1953 Venue: Live Milan, Italy Label: Gop (Great Opera Performances)

CD Catalog #: 66322 Spars Code: ADD (Mono) Length: 2 Hours 8 Mins

2. <Amor Rende Sagace>

Performer: Enzo Dara (Bass Baritone), Gemma Bertagnolli (Soprano), Maurizio Dalena (Tenor),
Mattia Nicolini (Bass), Cristina Mantese (Soprano), Daniela Bruera (Soprano)
Conductor: Fabio Neri Orchestra/Ensemble: Claudio Monteverdi Conservatory Orchestra

Date of Recording: 7/1991 Venue: Live Bolzano, Italy
Length: 107 Minutes 14 Secs. Label: Bongiovanni CD Catalog #: 2126

3.<Armida Immaginaria>

Performer: Alla Simonichvili (Soprano), Anna Rossa Peraino (), Domenico Colaianni (Baritone),
Piero Guarnera (Baritone), Giovanna Donadini (Soprano), Simon Edwards (Tenor),
Massimiliano Chiarolla ()
Conductor: Eric Hull
Orchestra/Ensemble: Catania Teatro Massimo Bellini Opera Orchestra, Bari Teatro Petruzzelli Chorus

Date of Recording: 8/1997 Label: Dynamic CD Catalog #: 205/1-3 Spars Code: DDD

4. <Gli Orazi E I Curiazi>

Performer: Angela Vercelli (Soprano), Giulietta Simionato (Mezzo Soprano), Tomaso Spataro (Tenor),
Gino Del Signore (Tenor)
Conductor: Carlo Maria Giulini
Orchestra/Ensemble: Italian Radio Symphony Orchestra Milan, Italian Radio Chorus Milan

Date of Recording: 04/13/1952 Venue: Live Milan, Italy Label: Urania CD Catalog #: 264 Mono

5. <L'impresario In Augustie>

Performer: Gioacchino Zarrelli (Baritone), Alessandro Codeluppi (Tenor), Paolo Macedonio (Tenor),
Angelo Romero (Baritone), Diana Bertini Tosti (Mezzo Soprano), Paola Quagliata (Soprano),
Patrizia Zanardi (Soprano)
Conductor: Fabio Maestri
Orchestra/Ensemble: Umbra Symphonic Association Orchestra, Umbra Symphonic Association Chorus

Date of Recording: 11/1997 Label: Bongiovanni CD Catalog #: 2255

6. <L'italiana In Londra>

Performer: Patrizia Orciani (Soprano), Maurizio Comencini (Tenor), Armando Ariostini (Baritone),
Bruno Praticò (Baritone), Maria Angeles Peters (Soprano)
Conductor: Carlo Rizzi Orchestra/Ensemble: Piacenza Symphony Orchestra Date of Recording: 10/14/1986 Length: 1 Hours 57 Mins Label: Bongiovanni

CD Catalog #: 2040 Spars Code: DDD

7. <La Cleopatra>

Performer: Patricia Morandini (), Luca Favaron (Tenor), Maria Pia Moriyon (Mezzo Soprano)
Conductor: Franco Piva
Orchestra/Ensemble: City of Adria Philharmonic Orchestra, City of Adria Chorus

Label: Bongiovanni CD Catalog #: 2395/6 Recorded in: Stereo Release Date: 04/25/2006

8. <Il Pittor Parigino>

Performer: Gérard Garino (Tenor), Márta Szúcz (Soprano), József Gregor (Bass)
Conductor: Tamás Pál Orchestra/Ensemble: Salieri Chamber Orchestra Length: 140 Minutes

Label: Hungaroton CD Catalog #: 12972/3 Spars Code: DDD

9. <I Tre Amanti>

Performer: Basia Retchitzka (Soprano), Rodolfo Malacarne (Tenor), Carlo Gaifa (Tenor),
Laerte Malaguti (Baritone), Maria-Grazia Ferraccini (Soprano)
Conductor: Edwin Loehrer Orchestra/Ensemble: Italian Switzerland Radio/TV Orchestra

Date of Recording: 1968 Label: Nuova Era CD Catalog #: 1052 Spars Code: ADD

10. <La Finta Parigina>

Performer: Alessandro Battiato (Bass Baritone), Alice Sunseri (), Giovanni Bellavia (Baritone),
Nunzio Galli (Tenor), Alessio Sparacio (Mezzo Soprano), Rosita Ramini (Soprano),
Juan Gambina (Tenor), Paolo Cutolo (Baritone), Annarita Gemabella (Mezzo Soprano)
Conductor: Danilo Lombardini Orchestra/Ensemble: Franco Ferrara Philharmonic Orchestra of Sicily

Label: Bongiovanni CD Catalog #: 2269/71 Recorded in: Stereo

11. <Le astuzie femminili>

Performer: Anna Maria Rota (Alto), Graziella Sciutti (Soprano), Luigi Alva (Tenor),
Sesto Bruscantini (Baritone), Renata Mattioli (Mezzo Soprano), Franco Calabrese (Bass)
Conductor: Mario Rossi
Orchestra/Ensemble: Alessandro Scarlatti Orchestra, Alessandro Scarlatti Chorus

Date of Recording: 1959 Recorded in: Mono Length: 1 Hours 52 Mins

Label: Opera D'oro CD Catalog #: 1365

12. <Le Donne Rivali>

Performer: Emanuele Giannino (), Bruno Praticò (Baritone), Bruno Lazzaretti (Tenor),
Alessandra Ruffini (Soprano), Anna Rita Taliento (Soprano)
Conductor: Alberto Zedda Orchestra/Ensemble: Padua and Veneto Orchestra

Date of Recording: 9/1994 Venue: Live Teatro degli Illuminati, Perugia, Italy

Label: Bongiovanni CD Catalog #: 2186/87

13. <Il Matrimonio Segreto>

Performer: David Kuebler (Tenor), Georgine Resick (Soprano), Barbara Daniels (Soprano),
Carlos Feller (Bass) Conductor: Hilary Griffiths
Orchestra/Ensemble: Drottningholm Court Theatre Orchestra Recorded live at the Theatre Schwetzingen , June 1986 Running Time: 153 mins Label: Euroarts DVD Catalog #: 2054548

Domenico Cimarosa (17 December 1749, Aversa – 11 January 1801, Venice) was an Italian opera composer.

Early life and education

His parents were poor, but anxious to give their son a good education. After moving to Naples, they sent him to a free school connected with one of the monasteries in that city. The organist of the monastery, Padre Polcano, was struck by the boy's intellect, and voluntarily instructed him in the elements of music, and also in the ancient and modern literature of his country. Because of his influence, Cimarosa obtained a scholarship at the musical institute of Santa Maria di Loreto, where he remained for eleven years, chiefly studying the great masters of the old Italian school. Niccola Piccinni, Antonio Maria Gaspare Sacchini, and other musicians of repute are mentioned among his teachers.

Early career

At the age of twenty-three, Cimarosa began his career as a composer with an opera buffa called Le stravaganze del conte, first performed at the Teatro del Fiorentini at Naples in 1772. The work met with approval, and was followed in the same year by Le pazzie di Stelladaura e di Zoroastro, a farce full of humour and eccentricity. This work was also successful, and the fame of the young composer began to spread all over Italy. In 1774 he was invited to Rome to write an opera for the stagione of that year; and there he produced another comic opera called L'italiana in Londra.

Mid-life

Over the next thirteen years, Cimarosa wrote a number of operas for the various theatres of Italy, living temporarily in Rome, in Naples, or wherever else his vocation as a conductor of his works happened to take him. From 1784 to 1787 he lived in Florence, writing exclusively for the theatre of that city. The productions of this period of his life are very numerous, consisting of operas, both comic and serious, cantatas, and various sacred compositions. The following works may be mentioned, among many others: Cajo Mario; the three Biblical operas, Assalone, La giuditta and Il sacrificio d'Abramo; also Il convito di pietra; and La ballerina amante, a comic opera first performed at Venice with enormous success.

Around 1788, Cimarosa went to St. Petersburg by invitation of Empress Catherine II. He remained at her court for four years and wrote an enormous number of compositions, mostly of the nature of pièces d'occasion. Of most of these not even the names are on record. In 1792 Cimarosa left St. Petersburg, and went to Vienna at the invitation of Emperor Leopold II. Here he produced his masterpiece, Il matrimonio segreto, which ranks among the highest achievements of light operatic music. In 1793 Cimarosa returned to Naples, where Il matrimonio segreto and other works were received with great acclaim. Among the works belonging to his last stay in Naples may be mentioned the charming opera Le astuzie femminili.

This period of his life is said to have been embittered by the intrigues of envious and hostile persons, among whom figured his old rival Giovanni Paisiello. During the occupation of Naples by the troops of the French Republic, Cimarosa joined the liberal party, and on the return of the Bourbons, was, like many of his political friends, condemned to death. By the intercession of influential admirers his sentence was commuted to banishment, and he left Naples with the intention of returning to St. Petersburg. But his health was broken, and after much suffering he died in Venice on 11 January 1801, of inflammation of the intestines. The nature of his disease led to the rumor of his having been poisoned by his enemies, which, however, a formal inquest proved to be unfounded. He worked till the last moment of his life, and one of his operas, Artemizia, remained unfinished at his death.

Main works

Le stravaganze del conte (carnival 1772 Naples Teatro San Giovanni dei Fiorentini) [Le magie di Merlina e Zoroastro; Le pazzie di Stelladaura e Zoroastro]
La finta parigina (carnival 1773 Naples Teatro Nuovo)
I sdegni per amore (1.1776 Naples Teatro Nuovo)
I matrimoni in ballo (carnival 1776 Naples Teatro Nuovo)
La frascatana nobile (winter 1776 Naples Teatro Nuovo) [La finta frascatana]
I tre amanti (carnival 1777 Rome Teatro Della alla Valle) [Le gare degl'amanti]
Il fanatico per gli antiche Romani (spring 1777 Naples Teatro San Giovanni dei Fiorentini)
L'Armida immaginaria (summer 1777 Naples Teatro (San Giovanni) dei Fiorentini)
Gli amanti comici, o sia La famiglia in scompiglio (1778? ?Naples Teatro (San Giovanni) dei Fiorentini; carnival 1796 Crema) [Il matrimonio in commedia; La famiglia stravagante, ovvero Gli amanti comici]
Il ritorno di Don Calandrino (carnival 1778 Rome Teatro Della alla Valle) [Armidoro e Laurina]
Le stravaganze d'amore (1778 Naples Teatro San Giovanni dei Fiorentini)
Il matrimonio per industria (1778? Naples?)
La contessina (summer 1778 Bologna)
Il matrimonio per raggiro (1778/9? Rome?; carnival 1802 Rome Teatro Della alla Valle) [La donna bizzarra]
L'italiana in Londra (carnival 1779 Rome Teatro Della alla Valle) [La virtù premiata]
L'infedeltà fedele (summer 1779 Naples Teatro del Fondo)
Le donne rivali (carnival 1780 Rome Teatro Della alla Valle)
Cajo Mario (carnival 1780 Teatro delle Dame)
I finti nobili (carnival 1780 Naples Teatro San Giovanni dei Fiorentini)
Il falegname (1780 Naples F) [L'artista]
L'avviso ai maritati (1780? ?Naples Teatro San Giovann) dei Fiorentini)
Il capriccio drammatico (1781? Turin?; 1794 London)
Il pittor parigino (carnival 1781 Rome Teatro Della alla Valle) [Le brame deluse]
Alessandro nell'Indie (carnival 1781 Rome A)
L'amante combattuto dalle donne di Punto (1781 Naples Teatro San Giovanni dei Fiorentini) [La biondolina; La giardiniera fortunata]
Giunio Bruto (aut.1781 Verona)
Giannina e Bernardone (aut.1781 Venice SS) [Il villano geloso]
Il convito (carnival 1782 Venice SS) [Der Schmaus]
L'amor costante (carnival 1782 Rome Teatro Della alla Valle) [Giulietta ed Armidoro]
L'eroe cinese (13.8.1782 Naples SC)
La ballerina amante (1782 Naples Teatro San Giovanni dei Fiorentini) [L'amante ridicolo]
La Circe (carnival 1783 Milan S)
I due baroni di Rocca Azzurra (carnival 1783 Rome Teatro Della alla Valle) [Dve nevesty; I due baroni; La sposa in contrasto; Il barone deluso]
La villana riconosciuta (1783 Naples Teatro del Fondo) [La villanella rapita]
Oreste (13.8.1783 Naples SC)
Chi dell'altrui si veste presto si spoglia (1783 Naples F) [Nina e Martuffo]
Il vecchio burlato (1783 Venice)
I matrimoni impensati (carnival 1784 Rome Teatro Della alla Valle) [La bella greca]
L'apparenza inganna, o sia La villeggiatura (spring 1784 Naples F)
La vanità delusa (spring 1784 Florence P) [Il mercato di Malmantile]
L'Olimpiade (10.7.1784 Vicenza)
I due supposti conti, ossia Lo sposo senza moglie (aut.1784 Milan S) [Lo sposo ridicolo]
Artaserse (26.12.1784 Turin TR)
Il barone burlato (1784 Naples Teatro Nuovo) [rev. Il pittor parigino]
Li finti conti (spring 1785 Turin, Gallo-Ughetti)
I fratelli papamosche (spring 1785 Turin, Gallo-Ughetti)
Le statue parlante (1785 Correggio)
Il marito disperato (1785 Naples F) [Il marito geloso; Die bestrafte Eifersucht]
La donna sempre al suo peggior s'appiglia (1785 Naples Teatro Nuovo)
Il credulo (carnival 1786 Naples Teatro Nuovo) [La baronessa stramba; Il credulo deluso]
Le trame deluse (1786 Naples Teatro Nuovo) [L'amor contrastato; Li raggiri scoperti]
L'impresario in angustie (1786 Naples Teatro Nuovo) [Die theatralischen Abenteuer]
La baronessa stramba (1786 Naples Teatro Nuovo) [rev. I matrimoni in ballo] [Il credulo]
Gli amanti alla prova (1786 Naples)
L'impostore punito (1786/7 Turin C)
Volodimiro (carnival 1787 Turin TR)
Il fanatico burlato (1787 Naples Teatro del Fondo) [La burla felice; Der adelsüchtige Bürger]
La felicità inaspettata (3.1788 St Petersburg E)
La vergine del sole (1788? ?St Petersburg E; 6.11.1789 St Petersburg BK)
La scuffiara (1788)
La Cleopatra (8.10.1789 St Petersburg E) [Cleopatra e Marc'Antonio]
Il matrimonio segreto (7.2.1792 Vienna B), score
Sophie et Dorval (?) [rev. Il matrimonio segreto]
Il matrimonio per susurro (?)
La calamità dei cuori (1792/3 Vienna B)
Contrattempi (1793 Bonn)
Amor rende sagace (1.4.1793 Vienna B)
I traci amanti (19.6.1793 Naples Teatro Nuovo) [Il padre alla moda, ossia Lo Sbarco di Mustanzir Bassà; Gli turchi amanti; Les amants turcs]
Le astuzie femminili (26.8.1794 Naples Teatro (San Giovanni) dei Fiorentini)
La pupilla astuta (1794 Naples Teatro del Fondo)
La serva innamorata (1794 Naples F)
Penelope (carnival 1795 Naples Teatro del Fondo)
Le nozze in garbuglio (1795 Messina)
L'impegno superato (1795 Naples Teatro del Fondo)
La finta ammalata (1796 Lisbon)
I nemici generosi (carnival 1796 Rome Teatro Della alla Valle) [Il duello per complimento]
Gli Orazi ed i Curiazi (carnival 1797 Venice F)
La morte di Assalonne (? Florence, Oratorio) [rev. Gli Orazi ed i Curiazi]
Achille all'assedio di Troja (carnival 1797 Rome A)
L'imprudente fortunato (carnival 1797 Rome Teatro Della alla Valle)
Artemisia regina di Caria (summer 1797 Naples SC)
Attilio Regolo (carnival 1797 Reggio)
Le nozze di Lauretta (1797? Turin)
L'apprensivo raggirato (1798 Naples Teatro San Giovanni dei Fiorentini)
Il secreto (aut.1798 Turin C)
Semiramide (1799 Naples F)
Il conte di bell'amore (?)
L'arte contro l'arte (carnival 1800 Alexandria)
Artemisia (carnival 1801 Venice F)
Il nuovo podestà (spring 1802 Bologna)
Tiro Vespasiano (1821 Lisbon)
La discordia fortunata (?)
L'ajo nell'imbarazzo (?)
Le donne vendicate (?)
Il cavalier del dente (?)
La Molinara (inc)

主题：意大利的一位歌剧作曲奇才——切马罗萨（Domenico Cimarosa，1749~1801）

Early life and education

Early career

Mid-life

Main works